JB McKinlay and LD Marceau
New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA. johnm@neri.org
The threshold of the new millennium offers an opportunity to celebrate
remarkable past achievements and to reflect on promising new directions for
the field of public health. Despite historic achievements, much will always
remain to be done (this is the intrinsic nature of public health). While
every epoch has its own distinct health challenges, those confronting us
today are unlike those plaguing public health a century ago. The
perspectives and methods developed during the infectious and chronic
disease eras have limited utility in the face of newly emerging challenges
to public health. In this paper, we take stock of the state of public
health in the United States by (1) describing limitations of conventional
US public health, (2) identifying different social philosophies and
conceptions of health that produce divergent approaches to public health,
(3) discussing institutional resistance to change and the subordination of
public health to the authority of medicine, (4) urging a move from risk
factorology to multilevel explanations that offer different types of
intervention, (5) noting the rise of the new "right state" with its
laissez-faire attitude and antipathy toward public interventions, (6)
arguing for a more ecumenical approach to research methods, and (7)
challenging the myth of a value-free public health.
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