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November 2001, Vol 91, No. 11 | American Journal of Public Health 1808-1814
© 2001 American Public Health Association


RESEARCH

The Relationship of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Characteristics to Birthweight Among 5 Ethnic Groups in California

Michelle Pearl, PhD, Paula Braveman, MD, MPH and Barbara Abrams, DrPH

At the time of the study, Michelle Pearl was with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and the Division of Epidemiology and Public Health Biology, University of California, Berkeley. Paula Braveman is with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Barbara Abrams is with the Division of Epidemiology and Public Health Biology, University of California, Berkeley.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Michelle Pearl, PhD, Research Scientist, Sequoia Foundation, c/o Genetic Disease Branch, California Department of Health Services, 2151 Berkeley Way, Annex 4, Berkeley, CA 94704 (e-mail: mpearl1{at}dhs.ca.gov).

Objectives. This study sought to examine relationships between neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics and birthweight, accounting for individual socioeconomic characteristics, among 5 ethnic groups.

Methods. Birth records were linked to census block-group data for 22 304 women delivering infants at 18 California hospitals during 1994–1995. Information on income and additional factors was obtained from a surveyed subset of 8457 women. Neighborhood levels of poverty, unemployment, and education were examined.

Results. After adjustment for mothers' individual socioeconomic characteristics and other risk factors, less-favorable neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics were associated with lower birthweight among Blacks and Asians. No consistent relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics and birthweight was found among Whites, US-born Latinas, or foreign-born Latinas overall, but birthweight increased with less-favorable neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics among foreign-born Latinas in high-poverty or high-unemployment neighborhoods. These findings were not explained by measured behavioral or cultural factors.

Conclusions. In addition to individual socioeconomic characteristics, living in neighborhoods that are less socioeconomically advantaged may differentially influence birthweight, depending on women's ethnicity and nativity.




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