Environmental tobacco smoke and periodontal disease in the United States
SJ Arbes Jr, H Agustsdottir and GD Slade
Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Campus Box 7455, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7455, USA. sam_arbes@dentistry.unc.edu
OBJECTIVES: Cigarette smoking is a leading risk factor for periodontal
disease. This cross-sectional study investigated the relation between
environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and periodontal disease in the United
States. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Third National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994). The outcome was periodontal
disease, defined as 1 or more periodontal sites with attachment loss of 3
mm or greater and a pocket depth of 4 mm or greater at the same site.
Exposure to ETS at home and work was self-reported. The study analyzed 6611
persons 18 years and older who had never smoked cigarettes or used other
forms of tobacco. RESULTS: Exposure to ETS at home only, work only, and
both was reported by 18.0%, 10.7%, and 3.8% of the study population,
respectively. The adjusted odds of having periodontal disease were 1.6 (95%
confidence interval = 1.1, 2.2) times greater for persons exposed to ETS
than for persons not exposed. CONCLUSIONS: Among persons in the United
States who had never used tobacco, those exposed to ETS were more likely to
have periodontal disease than were those not exposed to ETS.
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