American Journal of Public Health, Vol 91, Issue 2 304-307, Copyright © 2001 by American Public Health Association

JOURNAL ARTICLE

Maternal smoking and the risk of early weaning: a meta-analysis

BL Horta, MS Kramer and RW Platt
Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil. blhorta@uol.com

OBJECTIVES: This study reviewed evidence on the effect of maternal smoking on early weaning. METHODS: The following databases and journals were searched: Medline, Scientific Citation Index, Pediatrics, Journal of Pediatrics, New England Journal of Medicine, and Lancet. Analysis was restricted to studies in which infants who had never been breastfed were excluded or the prevalence of breastfeeding initiation was more than 90%. RESULTS: In smoking vs nonsmoking mothers, the random effects odds ratio for weaning before 3 months was 1.93 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.55, 2.40). An adjusted odds ratio of 1.50 (95% CI = 1.34, 1.68) was shown in studies that had lost-to-follow-up rates below 15% and included adequate adjustment for confounding. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal smoking increases the risk of early weaning.

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