|
 |
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
© 2002 American Public Health Association
RESEARCH AND PRACTICE |
The authors are with the Department of Psychology, University of California at Davis.
Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Gregory M. Herek, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of California, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616–8686 (e-mail: gmherek{at}ucdavis.edu).
Objectives. This study assessed the prevalence of AIDS stigma and misinformation about HIV transmission in 1997 and 1999 and examined trends in stigma in the United States during the 1990s.
Methods. Telephone surveys with national probability samples of English-speaking adults were conducted in the period 1996 to 1997 (n = 1309) and in 1998 to 1999 (n = 669). Findings were compared with results from a similar 1991 survey.
Results. Overt expressions of stigma declined throughout the 1990s, with support for its most extreme and coercive forms (e.g., quarantine) at very low levels by 1999. However, inaccurate beliefs about the risks posed by casual social contact increased, as did the belief that people with AIDS (PWAs) deserve their illness. In 1999, approximately one third of respondents expressed discomfort and negative feelings toward PWAs.
Conclusions. Although support for extremely punitive policies toward PWAs has declined, AIDS remains a stigmatized condition in the United States. The persistence of discomfort with PWAs, blame directed at PWAs for their condition, and misapprehensions about casual social contact are cause for continuing concern and should be addressed in HIV prevention and education programs. (Am J Public Health. 2002;92:371–377)
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  C. Airhihenbuwa, T. Okoror, T. Shefer, D. Brown, J. Iwelunmor, E. Smith, M. Adam, L. Simbayi, N. Zungu, R. Dlakulu, et al. Stigma, Culture, and HIV and AIDS in the Western Cape, South Africa: An Application of the PEN-3 Cultural Model for Community-Based Research Journal of Black Psychology, November 1, 2009; 35(4): 407 - 432. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. A. Newman, D. S. Seiden, K. J. Roberts, L. Kakinami, and Naihua Duan A Small Dose of HIV? HIV Vaccine Mental Models and Risk Communication Health Educ Behav, April 1, 2009; 36(2): 321 - 333. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Valle and J. Levy Weighing the Consequences: Self-Disclosure of HIV-Positive Status Among African American Injection Drug Users Health Educ Behav, February 1, 2009; 36(1): 155 - 166. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Finn and S. Sarangi Humanizing HIV/AIDS and its (re)stigmatizing effects: HIV public 'positive' speaking in India Health (London) , January 1, 2009; 13(1): 47 - 65. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. O. Cowgill, L. M. Bogart, R. Corona, G. Ryan, and M. A. Schuster Fears About HIV Transmission in Families With an HIV-Infected Parent: A Qualitative Analysis Pediatrics, November 1, 2008; 122(5): e950 - e958. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. R. Wolfe, S. D. Weiser, K. Leiter, W. T. Steward, F. Percy-de Korte, N. Phaladze, V. Iacopino, and M. Heisler The Impact of Universal Access to Antiretroviral Therapy on HIV Stigma in Botswana Am J Public Health, October 1, 2008; 98(10): 1865 - 1871. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Whetten, S. Reif, R. Whetten, and L. K. Murphy-McMillan Trauma, Mental Health, Distrust, and Stigma Among HIV-Positive Persons: Implications for Effective Care Psychosom Med, June 1, 2008; 70(5): 531 - 538. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. J Derlega, B. A Winstead, and J. E Brockington Jr AIDS stigma among inmates and staff in a USA state prison Int J STD AIDS, April 1, 2008; 19(4): 259 - 263. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Ritieni, J. Moskowitz, and M. Tholandi HIV/AIDS Misconceptions Among Latinos: Findings From a Population-Based Survey of California Adults Health Educ Behav, April 1, 2008; 35(2): 245 - 259. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Greeff, R. Phetlhu, L. N. Makoae, P. S. Dlamini, W. L. Holzemer, J. R. Naidoo, T. W. Kohi, L. R. Uys, and M. L. Chirwa Disclosure of HIV Status: Experiences and Perceptions of Persons Living With HIV/AIDS and Nurses Involved in Their Care in Africa Qual Health Res, March 1, 2008; 18(3): 311 - 324. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. R. Holtgrave, J. F. McGuire, and J. Milan Jr The Magnitude of Key HIV Prevention Challenges in the United States: Implications for a New National HIV Prevention Plan Am J Public Health, July 1, 2007; 97(7): 1163 - 1167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Gonzalez-Rivera and J. A. Bauermeister Children's Attitudes Toward People With AIDS in Puerto Rico: Exploring Stigma Through Drawings and Stories Qual Health Res, February 1, 2007; 17(2): 250 - 263. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. O. Airhihenbuwa 2007 SOPHE Presidential Address: On Being Comfortable With Being Uncomfortable: Centering an Africanist Vision in Our Gateway to Global Health Health Educ Behav, February 1, 2007; 34(1): 31 - 42. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Li, Z. Wu, Y. Zhao, C. Lin, R. Detels, and S. Wu Using case vignettes to measure HIV-related stigma among health professionals in China Int. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2007; 36(1): 178 - 184. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. A. Emlet "You're Awfully Old to Have This Disease": Experiences of Stigma and Ageism in Adults 50 Years and Older Living With HIV/AIDS Gerontologist, December 1, 2006; 46(6): 781 - 790. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.-M. Lekas, K. Siegel, and E. W. Schrimshaw Continuities and Discontinuities in the Experiences of Felt and Enacted Stigma Among Women With HIV/AIDS Qual Health Res, November 1, 2006; 16(9): 1165 - 1190. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. J. Krauss, C. C. Godfrey, J. O'Day, and E. Freidin Hugging My Uncle: The Impact of a Parent Training on Children's Comfort Interacting with Persons Living with HIV J. Pediatr. Psychol., October 1, 2006; 31(9): 891 - 904. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. P. Mwinituo and J. E. Mill Stigma Associated With Ghanaian Caregivers of AIDS Patients West J Nurs Res, June 1, 2006; 28(4): 369 - 382. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. C. Des Jarlais, S. Galea, M. Tracy, S. Tross, and D. Vlahov Stigmatization of Newly Emerging Infectious Diseases: AIDS and SARS Am J Public Health, March 1, 2006; 96(3): 561 - 567. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Chou, L. H. Huffman, R. Fu, A. K. Smits, and P. T. Korthuis Screening for HIV: A Review of the Evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Ann Intern Med, July 5, 2005; 143(1): 55 - 73. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. A. Emlet Measuring Stigma in Older and Younger Adults with HIV/AIDS: An Analysis of an HIV Stigma Scale and Initial Exploration of Subscales Research on Social Work Practice, July 1, 2005; 15(4): 291 - 300. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Varas-Diaz, I. Serrano-Garcia, and J. Toro-Alfonso AIDS-Related Stigma and Social Interaction: Puerto Ricans Living With HIV/AIDS Qual Health Res, February 1, 2005; 15(2): 169 - 187. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Castro and P. Farmer Understanding and Addressing AIDS-Related Stigma: From Anthropological Theory to Clinical Practice in Haiti Am J Public Health, January 1, 2005; 95(1): 53 - 59. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Siegel, D. Karus, and L. Dean Psychosocial Characteristics of New York City HIV-Infected Women Before and After the Advent of HAART Am J Public Health, July 1, 2004; 94(7): 1127 - 1132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Huebner, G. M. Rebchook, and S. M. Kegeles Experiences of Harassment, Discrimination, and Physical Violence Among Young Gay and Bisexual Men Am J Public Health, July 1, 2004; 94(7): 1200 - 1203. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. E. Poundstone, S. A. Strathdee, and D. D. Celentano The Social Epidemiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Epidemiol. Rev., July 1, 2004; 26(1): 22 - 35. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. C. Poindexter Medical Profiling: Narratives of Privilege, Prejudice, and HIV Stigma Qual Health Res, April 1, 2004; 14(4): 496 - 512. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. L. Olson, A. B. Seidler, D. Goodman, S. Gaelic, and R. Nordgren School Professionals' Perceptions About the Impact of Chronic Illness in the Classroom Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, January 1, 2004; 158(1): 53 - 58. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S C Kalichman and L C Simbayi HIV testing attitudes, AIDS stigma, and voluntary HIV counselling and testing in a black township in Cape Town, South Africa Sex Transm Inf, December 1, 2003; 79(6): 442 - 447. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Chesney, D. B. Chambers, J. M. Taylor, L. M. Johnson, and S. Folkman Coping Effectiveness Training for Men Living With HIV: Results From a Randomized Clinical Trial Testing a Group-Based Intervention Psychosom Med, November 1, 2003; 65(6): 1038 - 1046. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. E. Mill Shrouded in Secrecy: Breaking the News of HIV Infection to Ghanaian Women J Transcult Nurs, January 1, 2003; 14(1): 6 - 16. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. M. Herek Thinking About AIDS and Stigma: A Psychologist's Perspective J. Law Med. Ethics, December 1, 2002; 30(4): 594 - 607. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Kates, R. Sorian, J. S. Crowley, and T. A. Summers Critical Policy Challenges in the Third Decade of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic Am J Public Health, July 1, 2002; 92(7): 1060 - 1063. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Burris Disease Stigma in U.S. Public Health Law J. Law Med. Ethics, June 1, 2002; 30(2): 179 - 190. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Levi Ensuring Timely Access to Care for People With HIV Infection: A Public Health Imperative Am J Public Health, March 1, 2002; 92(3): 339 - 340. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. O. Valdiserri HIV/AIDS Stigma: An Impediment to Public Health Am J Public Health, March 1, 2002; 92(3): 341 - 342. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |