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Kimberly A. Page-Shafer, PhD, MPH, Barbara Cahoon-Young, PhD, Jeffrey D. Klausner, MD, MPH, Scott Morrow, PhD, Fred Molitor, PhD, Juan Ruiz, MD, DrPH and Willi McFarland, MD PhD for the Young Women's Survey Team

Kimberly A. Page-Shafer is with the Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Calif. Barbara Cahoon-Young is with East Bay Liver Clinic, Oakland, Calif. Jeffrey D. Klausner is with the Division of STD Control, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, Calif. Scott Morrow is with San Mateo County Department of Public Health, Redwood City, Calif. Fred Molitor and Juan Ruiz are with the Office of AIDS, HIV/AIDS Epidemiology Branch, California Department of Health Services, Sacramento, Calif. Willi McFarland is with the HIV Epidemiology Unit, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, Calif.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Kimberly A. Page-Shafer, PhD, MPH, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, UCSF, 74 New Montgomery St, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94105 (e-mail: kshafer{at}psg.ucsf.edu).

Objectives. We evaluated risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in women residing in low-income neighborhoods of northern California.

Methods. A population-based sample of 1707 women, aged 18 to 29, were surveyed and screened for sexually transmitted infections and HCV.

Results. Women infected with HCV (2.5%) were more likely to have a history of injection and noninjection drug use, to exchange sex for money or drugs, and to have sexually transmitted infections. HCV was independently associated with history of injection drug use, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection, and heroin and cocaine use.

Conclusions. Injection drug use is the highest risk exposure for HCV, but HSV-2 and noninjection drug use contribute significantly to increased risk. HCV prevention programs in impoverished areas should integrate drug treatment and sexually transmitted infection control.

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