McKeown and the Idea That Social Conditions Are Fundamental Causes of Disease
Bruce G. Link, PhD and
Jo C. Phelan, PhD
The authors are with the Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY. Bruce G. Link is also with the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY.
Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Bruce G. Link, Epidemiology of Mental Health Disorder, 100 Haven Avenue, Apt 310, New York, NY 10032 (e-mail: bgl1{at}columbia.edu.
In an accompanying commentary, Colgrove indicates that McKeown'sthesisthat dramatic reductions in mortality over thepast 2 centuries were due to improved socioeconomic conditionsrather than to medical or public health interventionshasbeen "overturned" and his theory "discredited."
McKeown sought to explain a very prominent trend in populationhealth and did so with a strong emphasis on the importance ofbasic social and economic conditions. If Colgrove is right aboutthe McKeown thesis, social epidemiology is left with a gapinghole in its explanatory repertoire and a challenge to a cherishedprinciple about the importance of social factors in health.
We return to the trend McKeown focused uponpost-McKeownand post-Colgroveto indicate how and why social conditionsmust continue to be seen as fundamental causes of disease.
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