Independent Evaluation of the California Tobacco Control Program: Relationships Between Program Exposure and Outcomes, 19961998
Louise Ann Rohrbach, PhD, MPH,
Beth Howard-Pitney, PhD,
Jennifer B. Unger, PhD,
Clyde W. Dent, PhD,
Kim Ammann Howard, PhD,
Tess Boley Cruz, PhD, MPH,
Kurt M. Ribisl, PhD,
Gregory J. Norman, PhD,
Howard Fishbein, DrPH and
C. Anderson Johnson, PhD
Louise Ann Rohrbach, Jennifer B. Unger, Clyde W. Dent, Tess Boley Cruz, and C. Anderson Johnson are with the Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Beth Howard-Pitney and Kim Ammann Howard are with the Stanford Center for Research in Disease Prevention, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif. Kurt M. Ribisl is with the School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Gregory J. Norman is with the San Diego State University Foundation, San Diego, Calif. Howard Fishbein is with the Gallup Organization, Washington, DC.
Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Louise Ann Rohrbach, PhD, MPH, Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, University of Southern California, 1000 S Fremont Ave, Unit #8, Alhambra, CA 91803 (e-mail: rohrbac{at}hsc.usc.edu).
Objectives. This study sought to determine the effects of theCalifornia Tobacco Control Program on tobacco-related attitudesand behaviors.
Methods. In 1996 and 1998, a telephone survey was conductedamong adults in randomly selected households in 18 Californiacounties. Tenth-grade youths in 84 randomly selected high schoolscompleted a written survey. In analyses conducted at the countylevel, differences in outcomes were regressed on an index ofprogram exposure.
Results. Among adults, program exposure was associated withdecreased smoking prevalence rates, increased no-smoking policiesin homes, and decreased violations of workplace no-smoking policies.Among youths, there was no effect of program exposure on outcomes.
Conclusions. These results suggest that the California TobaccoControl Program may have reduced adult smoking prevalence ratesand exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. (Am J Public Health.2002;92:975983)
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