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Leiyu Shi, DrPH, Christopher B. Forrest, MD, PhD, Sarah von Schrader, MA and Judy Ng, MPH

The authors are with the Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Leiyu Shi, DrPH, Department of Health Policy and Management, 624 N Broadway, Room 409, Baltimore, MD 21205 (e-mail: lshi{at}jhsph.edu).

Objectives. We examined whether patients’ perceptions of their relationships with primary care practitioners (PCPs) vary by vulnerability status and assessed the extent to which gatekeeping arrangements and primary care performance moderate potential disparities.

Methods: We used the nationally representative 1996–1997 Community Tracking Study Household Survey as our data source.

Results. Whites reported better patient–practitioner relationships than minorities. Requirements that patients select a PCP and obtain referral authorization neither reduced nor exacerbated racial disparities in the patient–practitioner relationship. On the other hand, access to and continuity with a PCP substantively reduced disparities, especially for the most vulnerable group.

Conclusions. Enhancing primary care performance may reduce some of the barriers to care experienced by vulnerable populations, thereby improving patients’ relationships with their PCPs.

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