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Naomar Almeida-Filho, MD, PhD, Ichiro Kawachi, MD, PhD, Alberto Pellegrini Filho, MD, PhD and J. Norberto W. Dachs, MD, PhD

Naomar Almeida-Filho is with the Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil, and the Center for Society and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass. Ichiro Kawachi is with the Center for Society and Health and the Department of Health and Social Behavior, Harvard School of Public Health. Alberto Pellegrini Filho is with the Program on Health Research Coordination, Division of Health and Human Development, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC. J. Norberto W. Dachs is with the Program on Public Policy and Health, Division of Health and Human Development, Pan American Health Organization.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Naomar Almeida-Filho, MD, PhD, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Palácio da Reitoria, Rua Augusto Viana 1, Canela, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil 40210-060 (e-mail: naomar{at}ufba.br).

We conducted a bibliometric and content analysis of research on health inequalities produced in Latin American and Caribbean countries. In our bibliometric analysis (n = 576), we used indexed material published between 1971 and 2000. The content analysis (n = 269) covered the period 1971 to 1995 and included unpublished material.

We found recent rapid growth in overall output. Brazil, Chile, and Mexico contributed mostly empirical research, while Ecuador and Argentina produced more conceptual studies.

We found, in the literature reviewed, a relative neglect of gender, race, and ethnicity issues. We also found remarkable diversity in research designs, however, along with strong consideration of ecological and ethnographic methods absent in other research traditions.

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