The Contribution of the World Health Organization to a New Public Health and Health Promotion
Ilona Kickbusch, PhD
The author is with the Division of Global Health, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.
Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Ilona Kickbusch, PhD, Division of Global Health, Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, 60 College St, PO Box 208034, New Haven, CT 06520-8034 (e-mail: ilona.kickbusch{at}yale.edu).
The author traces the development of the concept of health promotionfrom 1980s policies of the World Health Organization. Two approachesthat signify the modernization of public health are outlinedin detail: the European Health for All targets and the settingsapproach. Both aim to reorient health policy priorities froma risk factor approach to strategies that address the determinantsof health and empower people to participate in improving thehealth of their communities.
These approaches combine classic public health dictums with"new" strategies, some setting explicit goals to integrate publichealth with general welfare policy. Health for All, health promotion,and population health have contributed to this reorientationin thinking and strategy, but the focus of health policy remainsexpenditure rather than investment.
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