The Health of Men: Structured Inequalities and Opportunities
David R. Williams, PhD, MPH
The author is with the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to David R. Williams, PhD, MPH, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, PO Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248 (e-mail: wildavid{at}umich.edu).
I have summarized in this article data on the magnitude of healthchallenges faced by men in the United States.
Across a broad range of indicators, men report poorer healththan women. Although men in all socioeconomic groups are doingpoorly in terms of health, some especially high-risk groupsinclude men of low socioeconomic status (SES) of all racial/ethnicbackgrounds, low-SES minority men, and middle-class Black men.Multiple factors contribute to the elevated health risks ofmen. These include economic marginality, adverse working conditions,and gendered coping responses to stress, each of which can leadto high levels of substance use, other health-damaging behaviors,and an aversion to health-protective behaviors.
The forces that adversely affect mens health are interrelated,unfold over the life course, and are amenable to change.
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