Why Dont We See More Translation of Health Promotion Research to Practice? Rethinking the Efficacy-to-Effectiveness Transition
Russell E. Glasgow, PhD,
Edward Lichtenstein, PhD and
Alfred C. Marcus, PhD
Russell E. Glasgow and Alfred C. Marcus are with Kaiser Permanente Colorado and AMC Cancer Research Center, Denver. Edward Lichtenstein is with the Oregon Research Institute, Eugene.
Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Russell E. Glasgow, PhD, PO Box 349, Canon City, CO 81215 (e-mail: russg{at}ris.net).
The gap between research and practice is well documented. Weaddress one of the underlying reasons for this gap: the assumptionthat effectiveness research naturally and logically followsfrom successful efficacy research. These 2 research traditionshave evolved different methods and values; consequently, thereare inherent differences between the characteristics of a successfulefficacy intervention versus those of an effectiveness one.Moderating factors that limit robustness across settings, populations,and intervention staff need to be addressed in efficacy studies,as well as in effectiveness trials. Greater attention needsto be paid to documenting intervention reach, adoption, implementation,and maintenance. Recommendations are offered to help close thegap between efficacy and effectiveness research and to guideevaluation and possible adoption of new programs.
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