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Richard A. Retting, MS, Susan A. Ferguson, PhD and Anne T. McCartt, PhD

The authors are with the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Arlington, Va.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Richard A. Retting, MS, Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, 1005 N Glebe Rd, Arlington, VA 22201 (e-mail: rretting{at}iihs.org).

We provide a brief critical review and assessment of engineering modifications to the built environment that can reduce the risk of pedestrian injuries.

In our review, we used the Transportation Research Information Services database to conduct a search for studies on engineering countermeasures documented in the scientific literature. We classified countermeasures into 3 categories—speed control, separation of pedestrians from vehicles, and measures that increase the visibility and conspicuity of pedestrians. We determined the measures and settings with the greatest potential for crash prevention.

Our review, which emphasized inclusion of studies with adequate methodological designs, showed that modification of the built environment can substantially reduce the risk of pedestrian–vehicle crashes.

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