|
 |
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
© 2003 American Public Health Association
REVIEWING THE EVIDENCE |
The authors are with the Department of City and Regional Planning, University of California, Berkeley, Calif.
Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Robert Cervero, 228 Wurster Hall, MC 1850, Dept of City and Regional Planning, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1850 (e-mail: robertc{at}uclink4.berkeley.edu).
Some claim that cardependent cities contribute to obesity by discouraging walking and bicycling. In this article, we use household activity data from the San Francisco region to study the links between urban environments and nonmotorized travel.
We used factor analysis to represent the urban design and land-use diversity dimensions of built environments. Combining factor scores with control variables, like steep terrain, that gauge impediments to walking and bicycling, we estimated discrete-choice models. Builtenvironment factors exerted far weaker, although not inconsequential, influences on walking and bicycling than control variables.
Stronger evidence on the importance of urban landscapes in shaping foot and bicycle travel is needed if the urban planning and public health professions are to forge an effective alliance against cardependent sprawl.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  P. F. Coogan, L. F. White, T. J. Adler, K. M. Hathaway, J. R. Palmer, and L. Rosenberg Prospective Study of Urban Form and Physical Activity in the Black Women's Health Study Am. J. Epidemiol., November 1, 2009; 170(9): 1105 - 1117. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. J. Clarke, P. M. O'Malley, L. D. Johnston, J. E. Schulenberg, and P. Lantz Differential Trends in Weight-Related Health Behaviors Among American Young Adults by Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status: 1984-2006 Am J Public Health, October 1, 2009; 99(10): 1893 - 1901. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Xinyu Cao, P. L. Mokhtarian, and S. L. Handy No Particular Place to Go: An Empirical Analysis of Travel for the Sake of Travel Environment and Behavior, March 1, 2009; 41(2): 233 - 257. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. F. Mendes de Leon, K. A. Cagney, J. L. Bienias, L. L. Barnes, K. A. Skarupski, P. A. Scherr, and D. A. Evans Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Disorder in Relation to Walking in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Multilevel Analysis J Aging Health, February 1, 2009; 21(1): 155 - 171. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. S. Lovasi, K. M. Neckerman, J. W. Quinn, C. C. Weiss, and A. Rundle Effect of Individual or Neighborhood Disadvantage on the Association Between Neighborhood Walkability and Body Mass Index Am J Public Health, February 1, 2009; 99(2): 279 - 284. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C B M Kamphuis, K Giskes, A M Kavanagh, L E Thornton, L R Thomas, F J van Lenthe, J P Mackenbach, and G Turrell Area variation in recreational cycling in Melbourne: a compositional or contextual effect? J Epidemiol Community Health, October 1, 2008; 62(10): 890 - 898. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Clarke, J. A. Ailshire, M. Bader, J. D. Morenoff, and J. S. House Mobility Disability and the Urban Built Environment Am. J. Epidemiol., September 1, 2008; 168(5): 506 - 513. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Forsyth, M. Hearst, J. M. Oakes, and K. H. Schmitz Design and Destinations: Factors Influencing Walking and Total Physical Activity Urban Stud, August 1, 2008; 45(9): 1973 - 1996. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Adler, N. Dobson, K. P. Fox, and L. Weigand Advocating for Active Living on the Rural-Urban Fringe: A Case Study of Planning in the Portland, Oregon, Metropolitan Area Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law, January 1, 2008; 33(3): 525 - 558. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. du Toit, E. Cerin, E. Leslie, and N. Owen Does Walking in the Neighbourhood Enhance Local Sociability? Urban Stud, August 1, 2007; 44(9): 1677 - 1695. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Bhatia Protecting Health Using an Environmental Impact Assessment: A Case Study of San Francisco Land Use Decisionmaking Am J Public Health, March 1, 2007; 97(3): 406 - 413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Ong, M. Graham, and D. Houston Policy and Programmatic Importance of Spatial Alignment of Data Sources Am J Public Health, March 1, 2006; 96(3): 499 - 504. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Clarke and L. K. George The Role of the Built Environment in the Disablement Process Am J Public Health, November 1, 2005; 95(11): 1933 - 1939. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |