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Tama Leventhal, PhD and Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, PhD

The authors are with the National Center for Children and Families, Columbia University, New York, NY.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Tama Leventhal, PhD, National Center for Children and Families, Columbia University, 525 W 120th St, Box 39, New York, NY, 10027 (e-mail: tl91{at}columbia.edu).

Objectives. The health consequences of neighborhood poverty are a public health problem. Data were obtained to examine links between neighborhood residence and mental health outcomes.

Methods. Moving to Opportunity was a randomized, controlled trial in which families from public housing in high-poverty neighborhoods were moved into private housing in near-poor or nonpoor neighborhoods, with a subset remaining in public housing. At the 3-year follow-up of the New York site, 550 families were reinterviewed.

Results. Parents who moved to low-poverty neighborhoods reported significantly less distress than parents who remained in high-poverty neighborhoods. Boys who moved to less poor neighborhoods reported significantly fewer anxious/depressive and dependency problems than did boys who stayed in public housing.

Conclusions. This study provides experimental evidence of neighborhood income effects on mental health.

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