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Geraldine M. McQuillan, PhD, Deanna Kruszon-Moran, MS, Benny J. Kottiri, PhD, Lester R. Curtin, PhD, Jacqueline W. Lucas, MPH and Raynard S. Kington, MD, PhD

Geraldine M. McQuillan, Deanna Kruszon-Moran, Benny J. Kottiri, and Lester R. Curtin are with the Division of Health Examination Surveys, and Jacqueline B. Lucas is with the Division of Health Interview Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Md. Raynard S. Kington is with the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Geraldine M. McQuillan, PhD, National Center for Health Statistics, 3311 Toledo Rd, Room 4204, Hyattsville, MD 20782 (e-mail: gmm2{at}cdc.gov).

Objectives. We examined racial/ethnic differences in the seroprevalence of selected infectious agents in analyses stratified according to risk categories to identify patterns and to determine whether demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral characteristics explain these differences.

Methods. We analyzed data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, comparing differences among groups in regard to the prevalence of infection with hepatitis A, B, and C viruses, Toxoplasma gondii, Helicobacter pylori, and herpes simplex virus type 2.

Results. Racial/ethnic differences were greater among those in the low-risk category. In the case of most infectious agents, odds associated with race/ethnicity were almost 2 times greater in that category than in the high-risk category.

Conclusions. Stratification and adjustment for socioeconomic factors reduced or eliminated racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of infection in the high-risk but not the low-risk group, wherein race/ethnicity remained significant and might have been a surrogate for unmeasured risk factors.

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