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John D. Spengler, PhD, Jouni J. K. Jaakkola, MD, DSc, PhD, Helen Parise, ScD, Boris A. Katsnelson, MD, DSc, Larissa I. Privalova, MD, DSc and Anna A. Kosheleva, MS

John D. Spengler is with the Environmental Science and Engineering Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass. Jouni J. K. Jaakkola is with the Institute of Occupational Health, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom. Helen Parise is with the Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston. Boris A. Katsnelson, Larissa I. Privalova, and Anna A. Kosheleva are with the Ural Region Environmental Epidemiology Center, Ekaterinburg, Russia.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to John D. Spengler, PhD, Environmental Science and Engineering Program, Harvard School of Public Health, PO Box 15677, Landmark Ctr, Rm 406 W, 401 Park Dr, Boston, MA 02215 (e-mail: spengler{at}hsph.harvard.edu).

Objectives. We studied housing characteristics, parental factors, and respiratory health conditions in Russian children.

Methods. We studied a population of 5951 children from 9 Russian cities, whose parents answered a questionnaire on their children’s respiratory health, home environment, and housing characteristics. The health outcomes were asthma conditions, current wheeze, dry cough, bronchitis, and respiratory allergy.

Results. Respiratory allergy and dry cough increased in association with the home being adjacent to traffic. Consistent positive associations were observed between some health conditions and maternal smoking during pregnancy, many health conditions and lifetime exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), and nearly all health conditions and water damage and molds in the home.

Conclusions. Vicinity to traffic, dampness, mold, and ETS are important determinants of children’s respiratory health in Russia.

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