Advertisement
AJPH
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Submit a response
Right arrow purchase articles
Right arrow View Shopping Cart
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Right arrow Get other permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Web of Science (29)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Steenland, K.
Right arrow Articles by Walker, J.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Steenland, K.
Right arrow Articles by Walker, J.
Related Collections
Right arrow Socioeconomic Factors
Right arrow Mortality
June 2004, Vol 94, No. 6 | American Journal of Public Health 1037-1042
© 2004 American Public Health Association

RESEARCH AND PRACTICE

All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality by Socioeconomic Status Among Employed Persons in 27 US States, 1984–1997

Kyle Steenland, PhD, Sherry Hu, MS and James Walker, PhD

Kyle Steenland is with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Emory School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. Sherry Hu is with the National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta. James Walker is with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Kyle Steenland, PhD, Professor, Dept of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Ave, Atlanta, GA 30322 (e-mail: nsteenl{at}sph.emory.edu).

Objectives. We investigated mortality differences according to socioeconomic status (SES) for employed persons in 27 states during 1984–1997.

Methods. SES was determined for persons aged 35–64 years according to the "usual occupation" listed on their death certificates. We used US Census denominator data.

Results. For all-cause mortality, rate ratios from lowest to highest SES quartile for men and women were 2.02, 1.69, 1.25, and 1.00 and 1.29, 1.01, 1.07, and 1.00, respectively. Percentage of all deaths attributable to being in the lowest 3 SES quartiles was 27%. Inverse SES gradients were strong for most major causes of death except breast cancer and colorectal cancer. Heart disease mortality for highest and lowest SES quartiles dropped 45% and 25%, respectively, between 1984 and 1997.

Conclusions. Mortality differences by SES were sustained through the 1990s and are increasing for men.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Int J EpidemiolHome page
M. Kivimaki, D. Gimeno, J. E Ferrie, G D. Batty, T. Oksanen, M. Jokela, M. Virtanen, P. Salo, T. N Akbaraly, M. Elovainio, et al.
Socioeconomic position, psychosocial work environment and cerebrovascular disease among women: the Finnish public sector study
Int. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2009; 38(5): 1265 - 1271.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Health Educ BehavHome page
R. E. Goldman, E. Barbeau, M. K. Hunt, D. Acevedo-Garcia, K. M. Emmons, J. Gagne, and G. Sorensen
Perceptions of Health Promotion and Cancer Prevention Among Adults in Working-Class Occupations and Neighborhoods
Health Educ Behav, December 1, 2008; 35(6): 777 - 790.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
K. Herttua, P. Makela, and P. Martikainen
Changes in Alcohol-Related Mortality and its Socioeconomic Differences After a Large Reduction in Alcohol Prices: A Natural Experiment Based on Register Data
Am. J. Epidemiol., November 15, 2008; 168(10): 1110 - 1118.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J Public HealthHome page
R. Erikson and J. Torssander
Social class and cause of death
Eur J Public Health, October 1, 2008; 18(5): 473 - 478.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JNCI J Natl Cancer InstHome page
T. Kinsey, A. Jemal, J. Liff, E. Ward, and M. Thun
Secular Trends in Mortality From Common Cancers in the United States by Educational Attainment, 1993-2001
J Natl Cancer Inst, July 16, 2008; 100(14): 1003 - 1012.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Aging HealthHome page
A. Lievre, D. Alley, and E. M. Crimmins
Educational Differentials in Life Expectancy With Cognitive Impairment Among the Elderly in the United States
J Aging Health, June 1, 2008; 20(4): 456 - 477.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 AJPHHome page
R. G. Wilkinson and K. E. Pickett
Income Inequality and Socioeconomic Gradients in Mortality
Am J Public Health, April 1, 2008; 98(4): 699 - 704.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 AJPHHome page
G. Menvielle, A. Leclerc, J.-F. Chastang, M. Melchior, D. Luce, and for the Evolution Des Inegalites Sociales Par Caus
Changes in Socioeconomic Inequalities in Cancer Mortality Rates Among French Men Between 1968 and 1996
Am J Public Health, November 1, 2007; 97(11): 2082 - 2087.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Epidemiol. Community HealthHome page
M Melchior, L F Berkman, I Kawachi, N Krieger, M Zins, S Bonenfant, and M Goldberg
Lifelong socioeconomic trajectory and premature mortality (35-65 years) in France: findings from the GAZEL Cohort Study.
J Epidemiol Community Health, November 1, 2006; 60(11): 937 - 944.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 IOVSHome page
E. E. Freeman, B. L. Egleston, S. K. West, K. Bandeen-Roche, and G. Rubin
Visual Acuity Change and Mortality in Older Adults
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., November 1, 2005; 46(11): 4040 - 4045.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Copyright © 2004 by the American Public Health Association