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Grace E. Macalino, PhD, David Vlahov, PhD, Stephanie Sanford-Colby, MPH, Sarju Patel, MSc, Keith Sabin, PhD, Christopher Salas, BS and Josiah D. Rich, MD, MPH

Grace E. Macalino, Stephanie Sanford, Sarju Patel, Christopher Salas, and Josiah D. Rich are with Brown University Medical School, Providence, RI. David Vlahov is with New York Academy of Medicine, Center for Urban Epidemiological Studies, New York, NY, and the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md. Keith Sabin is with the University of Georgia, Athens.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Grace E. Macalino, PhD, MPH, Brown University, 169 Angell St GS-2, Providence, RI 02912 (e-mail: grace_macalino{at}brown.edu).

Objectives. We evaluated prevalence and intraprison incidence of HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infections among male prison inmates.

Methods. We observed intake prevalence for 4269 sentenced inmates at the Rhode Island Adult Correctional Institute between 1998 and 2000 and incidence among 446 continuously incarcerated inmates (incarcerated for 12 months or more).

Results. HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus prevalences were 1.8%, 20.2%, and 23.1%, respectively. Infections were significantly associated with injection drug use (odds ratio = 10.1, 7.9, and 32.4). Incidence per 100 person-years was 0 for HIV, 2.7 for HBV, and 0.4 for HCV.

Conclusions. High infection prevalence among inmates represents a significant community health issue. General disease prevention efforts must include prevention within correctional facilities. The high observed intraprison incidence of HBV underscores the need to vaccinate prison populations.

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