HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH SEARCH RESULT		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit a response View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Web of Science (24) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Kuo, F. E. Articles by Faber Taylor, A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Kuo, F. E. Articles by Faber Taylor, A. Related Collections Social Science Mental Health Other Child and Adolescent Health Other Environment

Frances E. Kuo, PhD and Andrea Faber Taylor, PhD

Frances E. Kuo is with the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences and the Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Andrea Faber Taylor is with the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Frances E. Kuo, PhD, Human Environment Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1103 S Dorner Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 (e-mail: fekuo{at}uiuc.edu).

Objectives. We examined the impact of relatively "green" or natural settings on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms across diverse subpopulations of children.

Methods. Parents nationwide rated the aftereffects of 49 common after-school and weekend activities on children’s symptoms. Aftereffects were compared for activities conducted in green outdoor settings versus those conducted in both built outdoor and indoor settings.

Results. In this national, nonprobability sample, green outdoor activities reduced symptoms significantly more than did activities conducted in other settings, even when activities were matched across settings. Findings were consistent across age, gender, and income groups; community types; geographic regions; and diagnoses.

Conclusions. Green outdoor settings appear to reduce ADHD symptoms in children across a wide range of individual, residential, and case characteristics.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				K.-T. Han Influence of Limitedly Visible Leafy Indoor Plants on the Psychology, Behavior, and Health of Students at a Junior High School in Taiwan Environment and Behavior, September 1, 2009; 41(5): 658 - 692. [Abstract] [PDF]

				S. Strife and L. Downey Childhood Development and Access to Nature: A New Direction for Environmental Inequality Research Organization Environment, March 1, 2009; 22(1): 99 - 122. [Abstract] [PDF]

				A. Faber Taylor and F. E. Kuo Children With Attention Deficits Concentrate Better After Walk in the Park J Atten Disord, March 1, 2009; 12(5): 402 - 409. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. E. Dyment and A. C. Bell Grounds for movement: green school grounds as sites for promoting physical activity Health Educ. Res., December 1, 2008; 23(6): 952 - 962. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. T. Palermo, M. Di Luigi, G. Dal Forno, C. Dominici, D. Vicomandi, A. Sambucioni, L. Proietti, and P. Pasqualetti Externalizing and Oppositional Behaviors and Karate-do: The Way of Crime Prevention: A Pilot Study. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol, December 1, 2006; 50(6): 654 - 660. [Abstract] [PDF]

				W. Canu and M. Gordon MOTHER NATURE AS TREATMENT FOR ADHD: OVERSTATING THE BENEFITS OF GREEN Am J Public Health, March 1, 2005; 95(3): 371 - 371. [Full Text] [PDF]