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John R. Sirard, PhD, Barbara E. Ainsworth, PhD, Kerri L. McIver, MS and Russell R. Pate, PhD

At the time of the study, John R. Sirard, Kerri L. McIver, and Russell R. Pate were with the Department of Exercise Science, and Barbara E. Ainsworth was with the Departments of Exercise Science and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to John R. Sirard, PhD, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Hoover Pavilion, Room N229, 211 Quarry Rd, Stanford, CA 94305-5705 (e-mail: jsirard{at}stanford.edu).

We directly observed the prevalence of walking and bicycling (active commuting) to 8 randomly selected urban and suburban elementary schools. When school was used as the unit of analysis, only 5.0% of the students actively commuted to or from school across all observed trips. Active commuting was not affected (P ; 18) by school urbanization level, school socioeconomic status, time of day, day of week, weather conditions, or temperature. These results indicate a need for school- and community-based interventions.

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