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© 2005 American Public Health Association
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2004.056341
RESEARCH AND PRACTICE |
S. Bryn Austin is with the Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine at Children’s Hospital, Boston, Mass, and the Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston. Aarti Patel is with the Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine at Children’s Hospital. Steven J. Melly is with the Department of Biostatistics and the Department of Environmental Health at the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston. Brisa N. Sanchez is with the Department of Biostatistics at the Harvard School of Public Health. Stephen Buka and Steven L. Gortmaker are with the Department of Society, Human Development, and Health at the Harvard School of Public Health.
Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to S. Bryn Austin, ScD, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 (e-mail: bryn.austin{at}childrens.harvard.edu).
Objectives. We examined the concentration of fast food restaurants in areas proximal to schools to characterize school neighborhood food environments.
Methods. We used geocoded databases of restaurant and school addresses to examine locational patterns of fast-food restaurants and kindergartens and primary and secondary schools in Chicago. We used the bivariate K function statistical method to quantify the degree of clustering (spatial dependence) of fast-food restaurants around school locations.
Results. The median distance from any school in Chicago to the nearest fast-food restaurant was 0.52 km, a distance that an adult can walk in little more than 5 minutes, and 78% of schools had at least 1 fast-food restaurant within 800 m. Fast-food restaurants were statistically significantly clustered in areas within a short walking distance from schools, with an estimated 3 to 4 times as many fast-food restaurants within 1.5 km from schools than would be expected if the restaurants were distributed throughout the city in a way unrelated to school locations.
Conclusions. Fast-food restaurants are concentrated within a short walking distance from schools, exposing children to poor-quality food environments in their school neighborhoods.
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