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© 2006 American Public Health Association
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2005.066936
RESEARCH AND PRACTICE |
Ellen B. Gold is with the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis. Alicia Colvin is with the Epidemiology Data Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. Nancy Avis is with the Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. Joyce Bromberger and Karen Matthews are with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh. Gail A. Greendale is with the Division of Geriatrics, University of California, Los Angeles. Lynda Powell is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill. Barbara Sternfeld is with the Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, Calif.
Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Ellen B. Gold, PhD, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences University of California, One Shields Ave, TB168, Davis, CA 95616 (e-mail: ebgold{at}ucdavis.edu).
Objectives. We investigated whether vasomotor symptom reporting or patterns of change in symptom reporting over the perimenopausal transition among women enrolled in a national study differed according to race/ethnicity. We also sought to determine whether racial/ethnic differences were explained by sociodemographic, health, or lifestyle factors.
Methods. We followed 3198 women enrolled in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation during 1996 through 2002. We analyzed frequency of vasomotor symptom reporting using longitudinal multiple logistic regressions.
Results. Rates of vasomotor symptom reporting were highest among African Americans (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.21, 2.20). The transition to late perimenopause exhibited the strongest association with vasomotor symptoms (adjusted OR = 6.64; 95% CI = 4.80, 9.20). Other risk factors were age (adjusted OR=1.17; 95% CI=1.13, 1.21), having less than a college education (adjusted OR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.40, 2.61), increasing body mass index (adjusted OR=1.03 per unit of increase; 95% CI=1.01, 1.04), smoking (adjusted OR=1.63; 95% CI=1.25, 2.12), and anxiety symptoms at baseline (adjusted OR=3.10; 95% CI=2.33, 4.12).
Conclusions. Among the risk factors assessed, vasomotor symptoms were most strongly associated with menopausal status. After adjustment for covariates, symptoms were reported most often in all racial/ethnic groups in late perimenopause and nearly as often in postmenopause.
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