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This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: AJPH.2006.096263v1 97/10/1762    most recent Submit a response View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Obermeyer, C. M. Articles by Osborn, M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Obermeyer, C. M. Articles by Osborn, M. Related Collections Gender Global Health Social Science HIV/AIDS

Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer, DSc and Michelle Osborn, MA, MPH

Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer is with the Department of HIV, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. Michelle Osborn is with the Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Oxford University, Oxford, England.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer, DSc, Department of HIV, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland (e-mail: obermeyerc{at}who.int).

Against the background of debates about expanding HIV testing and counseling, we summarize the evidence on the social and behavioral dimension of testing and its implications for programs.

The discrepancy between acceptance of testing and returning for results and the difficulties of disclosure are examined in light of research on risk perceptions and the influence of gender and stigma. We also summarize the evidence on the provision of testing and counseling, the implementation of practices regarding confidentiality and consent, and the results of interventions.

We demonstrate that social factors have a considerable impact on testing, show that the services linked to testing are key determinants of utilization, and consider the implications of these findings for HIV testing programs.

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