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This Article Figures Only Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: AJPH.2005.076661v1 97/2/259    most recent Submit a response View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Web of Science (1) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Kim, S. S. Articles by Kronenfeld, J. J. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Kim, S. S. Articles by Kronenfeld, J. J. Related Collections Immunization/Vaccines Other Maternal and Infant Health Socioeconomic Factors

Sam S. Kim, MA, Jemima A. Frimpong, MPH, Patrick A. Rivers, PhD, MBA and Jennie J. Kronenfeld, PhD

Sam S. Kim and Jennie J. Kronenfeld are with the Department of Sociology, Arizona State University, Tempe. Jemima A. Frimpong is with the Health Care Systems Department, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Patrick A. Rivers is with the College of Applied Sciences and Arts, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Jennie J. Kronenfeld, PhD, Program in Sociology, School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, PO BOX 873701, Tempe, AZ 85287-3701 (e-mail: jennie. kronenfeld{at}asu.edu).

Objectives. We examined the effects of maternal and provider characteristics on the up-to-date immunization status of children.

Methods. We used data from the 2003 National Immunization Survey to determine variations in children’s up-to-date status in the 4:3:1:3 immunization series.

Results. Low maternal educational levels and low socioeconomic status were associated with high 4:3:1:3 series completion rates. Also, completion rates were high in Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black families with low income-to-poverty ratios.

Conclusions. We found that children of less educated mothers and children in Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black families with low income-to-poverty ratios were more likely to have completed the 4:3:1:3 series. Although the reasons for these results need further exploration in other data sets, possible factors are Hispanics’ positive cultural attitudes regarding the needs and importance of young children and provision of information on immunizations to low-income minority mothers who access government-subsidized health care programs.

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