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AJPH First Look, published online ahead of print Oct 15, 2008
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December 2008, Vol 98, No. 12 | American Journal of Public Health 2187-2190
© 2008 American Public Health Association
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.134940

RESEARCH AND PRACTICE

Examining the Lag Time Between State-Level Income Inequality and Individual Disabilities: A Multilevel Analysis

Tahany M. Gadalla, PhD, MMath and Esme Fuller-Thomson, PhD, MSW

Tahany M. Gadalla and Esme Fuller-Thomson are with the Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Tahany M. Gadalla, Factor–Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St W, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada (e-mail: tahany.gadalla{at}utoronto.ca).

State-level income inequality has been found to have an effect on individual health outcomes, even when controlled for important individual-level variables such as income, education, age, and gender. The effect of income inequality on health may not be immediate and may, in fact, have a substantial lag time between exposure to inequality and eventual health outcome. We used the 2006 American Community Survey to examine the association of state-level income inequality and 2 types of physical disabilities. We used 6 different lag times, ranging between 0 and 25 years, on the total sample and on those who resided in their state of birth. Income inequality in 1986 had the strongest correlation with 2006 disability levels. Odds ratios were consistently 10% higher for those born in the same state compared withthe total population.






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