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AJPH First Look, published online ahead of print Aug 20, 2009
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October 2009, Vol 99, No. 10 | American Journal of Public Health 1772-1779
© 2009 American Public Health Association
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.124875

PUBLIC HEALTH THEN AND NOW

Public Health and Nutrition After the SPANISH CIVIL WAR An Intervention by the Rockefeller Foundation

Isabel del Cura, PhD and Rafael Huertas, PhD

Isabel del Cura is with Unidad de Docencia e Investigación, Area 9–Servicio Madrileño de Salud and Departamento Ciencias de la Salud I, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain. Rafael Huertas is with Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain.

Correspondence: Correspondence should be sent to Rafael Huertas, PhD, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/ Albasanz, 26-28, Madrid 28037, Spain (e-mail: rafael.huertas{at}cchs.csic.es). Reprints can be ordered at http://www.ajph.org by clicking the "Reprints/Eprints" link.

We describe a nutritional intervention by the Rockefeller Foundation's International Health Division in Spain after the Spanish Civil War, delineating the relationships between the technicians sent by the Rockefeller Foundation and the Spanish health authorities. We analyze reports of the nutritional situation in Spain in the early 1940s and the design and outcomes of a nutrition survey conducted in a district of Madrid by American and Spanish nutritionists. This nutritional survey, which was based on food intake interviews and was complemented with anthropometric measurements, clinical examinations, and blood tests, found several symptoms and signs of malnutrition. The Rockefeller Foundation's nutritional research was an important historical precedent for later studies made in emergency situations or armed conflicts. Similar surveys have been carried out in the last several decades by distinguished academic departments of public health and epidemiology and by humanitarian aid agencies.






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