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AJPH First Look, published online ahead of print Jun 18, 2009
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August 2009, Vol 99, No. 8 | American Journal of Public Health 1459-1463
© 2009 American Public Health Association
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.141655

RESEARCH AND PRACTICE

Gender-Specific Correlates of Incarceration Among Marginally Housed Individuals in San Francisco

Sheri D. Weiser, MD, MPH, Torsten B. Neilands, PhD, Megan L. Comfort, PhD, Samantha E. Dilworth, MS, Jennifer Cohen, MPA, Jacqueline P. Tulsky, MD and Elise D. Riley, PhD

Sheri D. Weiser, Torsten B. Neilands, Megan L. Comfort, and Samantha E. Dilworth are with the Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco. Sheri D. Weiser, Jennifer Cohen, Jacqueline P. Tulsky, and Elise D. Riley are with the Positive Health Program, University of California, San Francisco.

Correspondence: Correspondence should be sent to Sheri D. Weiser, MD, MPH, PO Box 1372, Building 100, Room 335, San Francisco General Hospital, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143-1372 (e-mail: sheri.weiser{at}ucsf.edu). Reprints can be ordered at http://www.ajph.org by clicking on the "Reprints/Eprints" button.

Objectives. We assessed how different patterns of housing instability affect incarceration and whether correlates of incarceration are gender specific.

Methods. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess associations between patterns of housing instability and recent jail stays among a reproducible sample of 1175 marginally housed adults in San Francisco, California.

Results. Over the previous year, 71% of men and 21% of women in the sample reported jail stays. Among women, long-term single-room occupancy hotel stays ( > 90 days) were protective for incarceration. Stays in the street were associated with incarceration among both genders, but among men, short-term (i.e., ≤ 90 days) street stays were associated with the highest odds of incarceration, and among women, long-term street stays were most correlated with incarceration. Sex trade increased the odds of incarceration among men only; recent drug use was associated with incarceration among both genders.

Conclusions. Correlates of incarceration differed by gender, and patterns of housing instability differentially affected incarceration for men and women. Policies to improve housing options and drug treatment for the urban poor are critical to breaking the cycle of incarceration and homelessness and improving health outcomes.






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