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Tony Kuo, MD, MSHS, Christopher J. Jarosz, PhD, MSCS, Paul Simon, MD, MPH and Jonathan E. Fielding, MD, MPH

Tony Kuo is with the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, and the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles. Christopher J. Jarosz is with the Los Angeles County Department of Children and Family Services, Los Angeles, and the East Los Angeles College, Monterey Park, CA. Paul Simon and Jonathon E. Fielding are with the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, and the School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles.

Correspondence: Correspondence can be sent to Tony Kuo, Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, 3530 Wilshire Blvd, 8th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90010 (e-mail: tkuo{at}ph.lacounty.gov). Reprints can be ordered at http://www.ajph.org by clicking the "Reprints/Eprints" link.

Objectives. We conducted a health impact assessment to quantify the potential impact of a state menu-labeling law on population weight gain in Los Angeles County, California.

Methods. We utilized published and unpublished data to model consumer response to point-of-purchase calorie postings at large chain restaurants in Los Angeles County. We conducted sensitivity analyses to account for uncertainty in consumer response and in the total annual revenue, market share, and average meal price of large chain restaurants in the county.

Results. Assuming that 10% of the restaurant patrons would order reduced-calorie meals in response to calorie postings, resulting in an average reduction of 100 calories per meal, we estimated that menu labeling would avert 40.6% of the 6.75 million pound average annual weight gain in the county population aged 5 years and older. Substantially larger impacts would be realized if higher percentages of patrons ordered reduced-calorie meals or if average per-meal calorie reductions increased.

Conclusions. Our findings suggest that mandated menu labeling could have a sizable salutary impact on the obesity epidemic, even with only modest changes in consumer behavior.