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American Journal of Public Health, 10.2105/AJPH.2004.045260

Analytic Essay Forum

The Role of Vitamin D in Cancer Prevention

Cedric F. Garland 1*, Frank C. Garland 1, Edward D. Gorham 1, Martin Lipkin 2, Harold Newmark 3, Sharif B. Mohr 4, Michael F. Holick 5

1 University of California, San Diego, Naval Health Research Center
2 Weill Cornell Medical College
3 Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey
4 University of California, San Diego Naval Health Research Center
5 Boston Universtiy School of Medicine, Boston, MA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: garlandc{at}nhrc.navy.mil.


  Abstract

Vitamin D status differs by latitude and race, with residents of the northeastern United States and individuals with more skin pigmentation being at increased risk of deficiency. A PubMed database search yielded 63 observational studies of vitamin D status in relation to cancer risk, including 30 of colon, 13 of breast, 26 of prostate, and 7 of ovarian cancer, and several that assessed the association of vitamin D receptor genotype with cancer risk.

The majority of studies found a protective relationship between sufficient vitamin D status and lower risk of cancer. The evidence suggests that efforts to improve vitamin D status, for example by vitamin D supplementation, could reduce cancer incidence and mortality at low cost, with few or no adverse effects.

Key Words: Cancer, Epidemiology, Genetics, Public Health Practice, Race/Ethnicity




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