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James L. Chen, MPH, David B Callahan, MD and Peter R. Kerndt, MD, MPH

At the time of this study, James L. Chen was, and Peter R. Kerndt is, with the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Sexually Transmitted Diseases Program, Los Angeles, Calif. James L. Chen was also with the California Epidemiologic Investigation Service, California Department of Health Services, Sacramento. David B. Callahan is with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga.

Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to James L. Chen, MPH, University of California—Davis, School of Medicine, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.

	Because this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

	INTRODUCTION

 
After the epidemic years of 1986 through 1990, rates of syphilis steadily declined in the United States to an all-time low of 2.5 cases per 100 000 population in 1999.¹ Such declines led the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to create a national plan for syphilis elimination.² Nevertheless, multiple areas of the United States continue to experience disease outbreaks and a resurgence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among men who have sex with men (MSM).^3–8 Because syphilis is increasingly characterized by sporadic outbreaks, rapid outbreak response should include enhanced surveillance of groups at high risk (e.g., incarcerated MSM).

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	METHODS

 

	RESULTS

 

	DISCUSSION

 

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