© 2004 American Public Health Association
Manon S. Parry and Sara K. Tedeschi are with the History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be sent to Manon S. Parry, MA, MSc, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, History of Medicine Division, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bldg 38 Rm 1E-21, Bethesda, MD 20894 (e-mail: parrym@mail.nlm.nih.gov).
PEDIATRICIAN MARTHA MAY ELIOT was associated with the Childrens Bureau for over 20 years. When criticizing her role and the influence of the Childrens Bureau, and even when noting Eliots remarkable achievements, commentators frequently questioned her authority as an "unmarried expert" on child health. Despite the rather hostile environment in which she worked, Eliot went on to receive many well-deserved honors. The American Pediatric Society gave her its highest award, the John Howland Medal, in 1967.
Martha May Eliot was born in Dorchester, Mass, in 1891, to Christopher Rhodes Eliot, a Unitarian minister, and Mary Jackson May. She was a
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