© 2006 American Public Health Association DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2006.094185
Dorinda Outram is with the Department of History, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY. Theodore Brown is with the Department of History and the Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY. Elizabeth Fee is with the History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Md. Correspondence: Requests for reprints should be addressed to Theodore M. Brown, PhD, Department of History, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 (email: theodore_brown@urmc.rochester.edu).
THIS 18TH-CENTURY COPPER engraving by Daniel Nicolaus Chodowiecki was published in Methodenbuch für Väter und Mütter der Familien und Völker (Textbook for Fathers and Mothers of Families and Others) in 1770. The book was written by Johann Bernard Basedow, one of a new breed of professional educators during the European Enlightenment whose ranks also included Pestalozzi and Rousseau.1 These Enlightenment educators gained their authority not only from their innovative ideas, but from producing and selling educational books, tutoring political leaders, and, above all, by setting up institutions that embodied their new educational ideals. One such institution was Philanthropins,
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