© 2009 American Public Health Association DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.153791
Instituto de Saúde Coletiva Federal University of Bahia Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Brazil is a large country, with a population of almost 190 million. Despite its wide socioeconomic disparities, Brazil is classified as a middle-income country. A number of important political, economic, and social changes have taken place in recent decades in Brazil, including changes in population health. There has been a sharp decrease in infectious-disease mortality, and deaths from cardiovascular diseases and cancers now predominate. The major vaccine-preventable diseases have been eradicated or are disappearing. A massive income-transfer program has caused a decrease in the prevalence of child malnutrition, which we hope will soon be eliminated. Violence-related mortality has increased, however,
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