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Promoting Safe Walking and Cycling to Improve Public Health: Lessons From The Netherlands and Germany

John Pucher, PhD and Lewis Dijkstra, PhD

John Pucher is with the Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. Lewis Dijkstra is with the European Commission, Brussels, Belgium.



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  		FIGURE 1—— Percentage of trips in urban areas made by walking and bicycling in North America and Europe, 1995.

Note. Modal split distributions for different countries are not fully comparable owing to differences in trip definitions, survey methodologies, and urban area boundaries. The distributions given here are intended to show the approximate differences among countries and should not be used for exact comparisons.

Source. Transportation Research Board,29 Table 2–2, p. 30.

 


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  		FIGURE 2—— Percentage of trips in urban areas made by walking and bicycling in the United States, Germany, and The Netherlands, by age group, 1995.

Source. US Department of Transportation,11 German Ministry of Transport,14,15 and Statistics Netherlands.19

 


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  		FIGURE 3—— Pedestrian and bicycling fatality rates and nonfatal injury rates in the United States, Germany, and The Netherlands, 2000.

Source. US Department of Transportation11,12; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention13; German Institute of Economic Research16; German Federal Statistical Office17; German Federal Traffic Institute18; Statistics Netherlands9; and Dutch Ministry for Transport, Public Works and Water Management.20

 


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  		FIGURE 4—— Trends in pedestrian and bicycling fatalities in the United States, Germany, and The Netherlands, 1975–2001 (1975 = 100%).

Source. US Department of Transportation12; German Federal Statistical Office17; German Federal Traffic Institute18; Statistics Netherlands19; and Dutch Ministry for Transport, Public Works and Water Management.20

 




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