Community Violence and Asthma Morbidity: The Inner-City Asthma Study
Rosalind J. Wright, MD, MPH,
Herman Mitchell, PhD,
Cynthia M. Visness, MA, MPH,
Sheldon Cohen, PhD,
James Stout, MD, MPH,
Richard Evans, MD, MPH and
Diane R. Gold, MD, MPH
Rosalind J. Wright is with the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, and the Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass. Herman Mitchell and Cynthia M. Visness are with Rho Inc, Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill, NC. Sheldon Cohen is with the Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa. James Stout is with the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash. Richard Evans is with the Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Ill. Diane R. Gold is with the Channing Laboratory, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Harvard Medical School.
FIGURE 1—Mean (a) maximum symptom days and (b) nights caretaker lost sleep, by level of adult exposure to violence: adjusted analyses.
Note. Behaviors = caretaker behaviors, including smoking, keeping children indoors, and skipping medications. Stress = Perceived Stress Scale and unwanted thoughts and memories. Each set of bars represents mean maximum symptom days (or nights caretaker lost sleep) adjusted for control variables. All models are adjusted for site, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES) in addition to listed variates. Ps are for trends.
aSES includes adjustment for household income, employment, caretaker education, and housing deterioration.