Hepatitis A Virus Immunity and Seroconversion Among Contacts of Acute Hepatitis A Patients in Amsterdam, 19962000: An Evaluation of Current Prevention Policy
Gerard J. B. Sonder, MD, MSc,
Jim E. van Steenbergen, MD, PhD,
Lian P. M. J. Bovee, MSc,
Paul G. H. Peerbooms, PhD,
Roel A. Coutinho, MD, PhD and
Anneke van den Hoek, MD, PhD
Gerard J. B. Sonder, Jim E. van Steenbergen, Lian P. M. J. Bovee, Roel A. Coutinho, and Anneke van den Hoek are with the GG&GD, Department of Infectious Diseases, Municipal Health Service, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Paul G. H. Peerbooms is with GG&GD Municipal Health Laboratory, Amsterdam. Dr. Sonder also is with LCR, National Coordination Center for Travelers Health Advice, Amsterdam. Dr. van Steenbergen also is with LCI, Coordination Communicable Disease Control, Utrecht, the Netherlands. Dr. Coutinho also is with the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam.
FIGURE 1—Outcomes of 1715 household contacts of 569 acute hepatitis A patients: Amsterdam, the Netherlands, January 1, 1996 through December 31, 2000.
Note. IgM = immunoglobulin M; HAV = hepatitis A virus.
(1) All reported to Municipal Health Service with jaundice and anti-HAV IgM positive.
(2) No symptoms, anti-HAV total positive; if younger than 10 years, IgM negative.
(3) All IgM positive.
(4) No symptoms and anti-HAV total negative.
(5) With symptoms and IgM positive.
(6) Without any symptoms and IgM positive. Because contacts older than 10 years who did not have symptoms were not tested, everyone in this group was aged 10 years or younger.
(7) Anti-HAV total negative in the first blood-sample, total anti-HAV positive and anti-HAV IgM positive in the sample 6 weeks later.
(8) Anti-HAV total negative in the first blood sample and in the follow-up sample 6 weeks later.
(9) IgM positive but no symptoms of any disease.
(10) IgM positive and symptoms, not always jaundice.