Dampness and Mold in the Home and Depression: An Examination of Mold-Related Illness and Perceived Control of Ones Home as Possible Depression Pathways
Edmond D. Shenassa, ScD,
Constantine Daskalakis, ScD,
Allison Liebhaber, BA,
Matthias Braubach, MPH and
MaryJean Brown, ScD, RN
Edmond D. Shenassa is with the Division of Epidemiology, Department of Community Health, Brown School of Medicine, Providence, RI. At the time of study, Allison Lieb-haber was with the Department of Community Health, Brown School of Medicine, Providence. Constantine Daskalakis is with the Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa. Matthias Braubach is with the World Health Organization, Bonn, Germany. MaryJean Brown is with the Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.
FIGURE 1——Estimated odds ratios of association between dampness or mold and depression: Large Analysis and Review of European housing and Health Status Study, Angers, France; Bonn, Germany; Bratislava, Slovakia; Budapest, Hungary; Ferreira do Alentejo, Portugal; Forli, Italy; Geneva, Switzerland; and Vilnius, Lithuania, 2002–2003.
Note. The depression index is derived from 4 measures: sleep disturbance, decreased interest in activities, low self-esteem, and decreased appetite