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AJPH First Look, published online ahead of print Jan 31, 2007
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Achieving Energy Balance at the Population Level Through Increases in Physical Activity

Michael C. Costanza, PhD, Sigrid Beer-Borst, MSc and Alfredo Morabia, MD, PhD

The authors are with the Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.


Figure 1
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  		FIGURE 1—— Generalized physical activity pyramid model quantified for simulation purposes.

Note. Only the bottom and middle tiers were considered in the simulations. Each of the 4 bottom-tier scenarios defining "moderate" physical activity in terms of minimum recommended basal metabolic rate (BMR) multiples of energy expenditures was examined in the simulations.

 

Figure 2
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  		FIGURE 2—— Examples of simulated changes in total energy expenditure (EE) distributions for physical activity pyramid bottom-tier recommendations: 30 minutes per day of 3.5+ basal metabolic rate (BMR) activities (100% compliance; a), 30 minutes per day of 4.0+ BMR activities (100% compliance; b), 30 minutes per day of 3.5+ BMR activities (50% compliance; c), and 30 minutes per day of 4.0+ BMR activities (50% compliance; d).

 

Figure 3
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  		FIGURE 3—— Sample median gains in energy expenditure (kJ per day), stratified according to level of compliance with 3.5+, 3.7+, 3.9+, and 4.0+ basal metabolic rate (BMR) bottom-and middle-tier physical activity pyramid recommendations.

 




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