Socioeconomic Differences in the Impact of HIV Infection on Workforce Participation in France in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
Rosemary Dray-Spira, MD, PhD,
Alice Gueguen, PhD,
Jean-François Ravaud, MD, PhD and
France Lert, PhD
Rosemary Dray-Spira, Alice Gueguen, and France Lert are with Institut National de la Santé et la Recerche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 687, Saint-Maurice, France, and with the University Paris XI, Institut Fédératif de Recherche (IFR) 69, Villejuif, France. Jean-François Ravaud is with Institut National de la Santé et la Reserche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 750, and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 8169, Villejuif.
FIGURE 1—Crude and standardized employment rates (and 95% Confidence Intervals) among individuals diagnosed with HIV before 1994 and from 1994 onward, and employment rates among the French general population.
FIGURE 2—Difference in employment rates (and 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) with the French general population for persons diagnosed with HIV before 1994 and from 1994 onward, overall and according to educational level.
Note. For example, the employment rate of HIV-infected individuals diagnosed from 1994 onward who have a low education level is 14% lower (95% CI = 7%, 20%) than that of individuals who have a comparable educational level in the general population.