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AJPH First Look, published online ahead of print Jan 31, 2007
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Integrating Disease Control Strategies: Balancing Water Sanitation and Hygiene Interventions to Reduce Diarrheal Disease Burden

Joseph N.S. Eisenberg, PhD, MPH, James C. Scott, MPH and Travis Porco, PhD, MPH

Joseph N.S. Eisenberg is with the School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. James C. Scott is with the School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley. Travis Porco is with the California Department of Health Services, Richmond, and the Center for Infectious Disease Preparedness, University of California, Berkeley.


Figure 1
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  		FIGURE 1—— Diagram illustrating potential transmission routes for enteric (waterborne) pathogens (a) and how indirect exposure to contaminated drinking water can occur as a result of the multiple and interdependent nature of exposure pathways (b).

 

Figure 2
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  		FIGURE 2—— Schematic for a household-level infection transmission model.

Note. ßc = between-household transmission; ßd = within-household transmission; {phi} = contamination of water; ßdw = exposure from contaminated water; ße = other sources.

 

Figure 3
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  		FIGURE 3—— Contours of preventable fractions associated with improving water quality for different rates of household-level and community-level transmission.

Note. Each contour plot involves a different contamination rate ({phi}): 0 (a), 0.5 (b), 1.0 (c), 1.5 (d), and 2.0 (e).

 




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