Improving Disclosure and Consent: "Is It Safe?": New Ethics for Reporting Personal Exposures to Environmental Chemicals
Julia Green Brody, PhD,
Rachel Morello-Frosch, PhD, MPH,
Phil Brown, PhD,
Ruthann A. Rudel, MS,
Rebecca Gasior Altman, MA,
Margaret Frye, BA,
Cheryl A. Osimo, BS,
Carla Pérez, BS and
Liesel M. Seryak, BS
At the time of the study, Julia Green Brody, Ruthann A. Rudel, Cheryl A. Osimo, and Liesel M. Seryak were with the Silent Spring Institute, Newton, Mass. Rachel Morello-Frosch, Phil Brown, Rebecca Gasior Altman, and Margaret Frye were with Brown University, Providence, RI. Carla Pérez was with Communities for a Better Environment in Oakland, Calif.
FIGURE 2——Conceptual graph of the types of actions to recommend in situations with high versus low knowledge about exposure–health effect relationships and exposure-reduction methods.
Note. PBDEs = polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PCBs = polychlorinated biphenyls. High certainty (i.e., high knowledge of exposure-effect relationships combined with high knowledge of exposure reduction methods) supports recommendations for public health policies and individual behavior change. Low certainty (i.e., low knowledge of exposure-effect relationships combined with low knowledge of exposure reduction methods) supports recommendations for further research and consideration of precautionary action.