Erratum
for Jeffreys et al., Am J Public Health 95 (5) 834-837.
August 2007, Vol 97, No. 8 | American Journal of Public Health 1351-1352
© 2007 American Public Health Association
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2004.053678e
ERRATA
In: Jeffreys M, Stevanovic V, Tobias M, Lewis C, Ellison-Loschmann L, Pearce N, and Blakely T. Ethnic inequalities in cancer survival in New Zealand: linkage study. Am J Public Health. 2005;95:834–837. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.053678.
There was a small bias in the statistical methods used for direct standardization, which means differences in survival between ethnic groups were slightly underestimated. Survival rates were incorrectly calculated.
The first sentence in the last paragraph of the "Methods" section (p. 834) should read: "RSRs were directly standardized first for age (15–44, 45–54, 55–64, 65–74, and 75–99) and then for disease stage (local, regional, distant spread)17 to the Maori-specific cancer population with the stated stage."
The second sentence in the first paragraph of the "Results" section (p. 835) is no longer accurate.
The last sentence in the last paragraph of the "Results" section (p. 835) is no longer accurate.
Table 1 was printed with incorrect data. Corrected values for TABLE 1—Standardized 5-Year Relative Survival Rates (RSR), by Ethnicity and Cancer site: New Zealand, 1994 to 2002 are:
|
Maori
|
Pacific
|
Non-Maori/Non-Pacific
|
| Site (ICD-10 Codes) |
No. of Cancers |
RSR (95% CI) |
No. of Cancers |
RSR (95% CI) |
No. of Cancers |
RSR (95% CI) |
|
| Bladder (C67) |
100 |
0.57 (0.44, 0.69) |
35 |
0.72 (0.50, 0.94) |
4 157 |
0.76 (0.74, 0.78) |
| Brain (C71) |
80 |
0.25 (0.16, 0.34) |
37 |
0.37 (0.23, 0.52) |
1 541 |
0.25 (0.23, 0.28) |
| Breast (C50) |
1 394 |
0.74 (0.71, 0.78) |
448 |
0.72 (0.67, 0.78) |
14 925 |
0.83 (0.82, 0.84) |
| Cervix (C53) |
316 |
0.66 (0.60, 0.72) |
65 |
0.58 (0.43, 0.73) |
1 272 |
0.84 (0.81, 0.86) |
| Colon/rectum (C18–C21) |
574 |
0.42 (0.36, 0.47) |
203 |
0.54 (0.44, 0.63) |
18 850 |
0.61 (0.60, 0.62) |
| Esophagus (C15) |
88 |
0.06 (0.00, 0.11) |
16 |
0.22 (0.07, 0.38) |
1 443 |
0.15 (0.12, 0.18) |
| Head and neck, larynx (C01–C14, C32) |
178 |
0.53 (0.43, 0.62) |
96 |
0.63 (0.50, 0.76) |
2 064 |
0.64 (0.61, 0.67) |
| Kidney, ureter, urethra (C64–C66, C68) |
159 |
0.47 (0.37, 0.57) |
44 |
0.67 (0.50, 0.84) |
2 407 |
0.62 (0.59, 0.65) |
| Leukemia (C91–C95) |
234 |
0.38 (0.30, 0.46) |
105 |
0.41 (0.29, 0.53) |
3 523 |
0.54 (0.52, 0.57) |
| Liver (C22) |
194 |
0.07 (0.03, 0.12) |
114 |
0.17 (0.09, 0.25) |
672 |
0.17 (0.13, 0.22) |
| Lung, trachea, bronchus (C33–C34) |
1 562 |
0.06 (0.04, 0.07) |
353 |
0.22 (0.16, 0.27) |
9 712 |
0.14 (0.13, 0.15) |
| Melanoma (C43) |
111 |
0.93 (0.83, 1.02) |
24 |
0.98 (0.86, 1.10) |
12 791 |
0.92 (0.91, 0.93) |
| Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (C82–C85, C96) |
236 |
0.48 (0.40, 0.56) |
117 |
0.55 (0.44, 0.66) |
3 949 |
0.59 (0.57, 0.61) |
| Ovary (C56) |
182 |
0.60 (0.52, 0.68) |
83 |
0.56 (0.44, 0.68) |
1 979 |
0.59 (0.56, 0.62) |
| Pancreas (C25) |
182 |
0.10 (0.05, 0.15) |
48 |
0.48 (0.31, 0.65) |
2 063 |
0.07 (0.05, 0.09) |
| Pleura, thymus, heart (C37–C38) |
20 |
0.14 (0.00, 0.85) |
13 |
0.71 (0.44, 0.99) |
152 |
0.28 (0.15, 0.40) |
| Prostate (C61) |
723 |
0.61 (0.63, 0.75) |
326 |
0.87 (0.79, 0.95) |
19 587 |
0.86 (0.86, 0.87) |
| Stomach (C16) |
379 |
0.20 (0.15, 0.25) |
165 |
0.35 (0.26, 0.44) |
2 386 |
0.22 (0.18, 0.25) |
| Thyroid gland (C73) |
133 |
0.87 (0.79, 0.95) |
102 |
0.97 (0.91, 1.03) |
861 |
0.94 (0.92, 0.96) |
| Uterus (C54–C55) |
210 |
0.65 (0.56, 0.73) |
157 |
0.77 (0.68, 0.86) |
1 871 |
0.80 (0.78, 0.83) |
|
|
| Note. ICD-10 = International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision; CI = confidence interval; RSR = 5-year relative survival rate, estimated using ethnic-specific life tables. Analysis based on all patients (with and without) stage data recorded on the New Zealand Cancer Registry, n = 115 811. |
|
Table 2 was printed with incorrect data. Corrected values for TABLE 2—Age- and Age- and Stage-Standardized 5-Year Relative Survival Rates (RSR), by Ethnicity and Cancer site: New Zealand, 1994 to 2002 are:
|
Age Standardized
|
Age- and Stage- Standardized
|
|
Maori
|
Non-Maori/Non-Pacific
|
|
|
|
|
| Site (ICD-10 Codes) |
No. of Cancers |
RSR (95% CI) |
No. of Cancers |
RSR (95% CI) |
RSRR |
Maori, RSR (95% CI) |
Non-Maori/Non-Pacific, RSR (95% CI) |
RSRR |
|
| Bladder (C67) |
32 |
0.36 (0.20, 0.52) |
945 |
0.61 (0.56, 0.65) |
0.59 |
0.28 (0.18, 0.39) |
0.46 (0.41, 0.50) |
0.62 |
| Brain (C71) |
64 |
0.27 (0.17, 0.37) |
1297 |
0.25 (0.22, 0.28) |
1.08 |
0.27 (0.17, 0.37) |
0.25 (0.22, 0.28) |
1.07 |
| Breast (C50) |
1 154 |
0.76 (0.72, 0.79) |
11 965 |
0.83 (0.82, 0.84) |
0.92 |
0.76 (0.73, 0.80) |
0.81 (0.80, 0.82) |
0.95 |
| Cervix (C53) |
193 |
0.73 (0.66, 0.79) |
846 |
0.89 (0.86, 0.91) |
0.82 |
0.72 (0.68, 0.77) |
0.80 (0.78, 0.83) |
0.90 |
| Colon/rectum (C18–C21) |
484 |
0.43 (0.37, 0.50) |
16 729 |
0.61 (0.60, 0.62) |
0.70 |
0.43 (0.38, 0.49) |
0.56 (0.55, 0.57) |
0.77 |
| Esophagus (C15) |
28 |
No survivors |
549 |
0.14 (0.10, 0.19) |
|
No survivors |
|
|
| Head and neck, larynx (C01–C14, C32) |
101 |
0.46 (0.32, 0.59) |
1 136 |
0.60 (0.56, 0.64) |
0.77 |
0.42 (0.31, 0.53) |
0.57 (0.53, 0.61) |
0.74 |
| Kidney, ureter, urethra (C64–C66, C68) |
135 |
0.52 (0.42, 0.63) |
1 972 |
0.62 (0.59, 0.65) |
0.84 |
0.48 (0.40, 0.57) |
0.58 (0.55, 0.60) |
0.84 |
| Liver (C22) |
60 |
0.02 (0.00, 0.06) |
226 |
0.15 (0.08, 0.22) |
0.13 |
0.02 (0.00, 0.06) |
0.22 (0.12, 0.31) |
0.11 |
| Lung, trachea, bronchus (C33–C34) |
716 |
0.06 (0.04, 0.08) |
4 786 |
0.14 (0.12, 0.15) |
0.43 |
0.06 (0.04, 0.08) |
0.11 (0.10, 0.12) |
0.53 |
| Melanoma (C43) |
104 |
0.94 (0.84, 1.04) |
12 302 |
0.92 (0.91, 0.93) |
1.02 |
0.89 (0.82, 0.96) |
0.86 (0.85, 0.87) |
1.03 |
| Ovary (C56) |
167 |
0.60 (0.52, 0.69) |
1 793 |
0.57 (0.54, 0.60) |
1.05 |
0.55 (0.50, 0.60) |
0.60 (0.58, 0.63) |
0.91 |
| Pancreas (C25) |
108 |
0.09 (0.03, 0.15) |
1 138 |
0.07 (0.05, 0.09) |
1.29 |
0.07 (0.03, 0.11) |
0.07 (0.05, 0.9) |
0.99 |
| Pleura, thymus, heart (C37–C38) |
6 |
0.19 (0.00, 0.46) |
71 |
0.30 (0.12, 0.48) |
0.63 |
1 survivor |
|
|
| Prostate (C61) |
197 |
0.54 (0.44, 0.65) |
4 884 |
0.77 (0.75, 0.79) |
0.70 |
0.54 (0.46, 0.53) |
0.58 (0.56, 0.60) |
0.93 |
| Stomach (C16) |
259 |
0.20 (0.14, 0.26) |
1 543 |
0.23 (0.19, 0.26) |
0.87 |
0.20 (0.15, 0.25) |
0.24 (0.21, 0.28) |
0.83 |
| Thyroid gland (C73) |
120 |
0.87 (0.79, 0.95) |
747 |
0.95 (0.92, 0.97) |
0.92 |
0.86 (0.82, 0.91) |
0.92 (0.89, 0.94) |
0.94 |
| Uterus (C54–C55) |
169 |
0.65 (0.56, 0.74) |
1 555 |
0.81 (0.78, 0.84) |
0.80 |
0.64 (0.56, 0.71) |
0.80 (0.77, 0.83) |
0.80 |
|
|
| Note. ICD-10 = International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision; CI = confidence interval; RSR = 5-year relative survival rate, estimated using ethnic-specific life tables; RSRR = Maori to non-Maori/non-Pacific RSR ratio. Analysis based on all patients with stage data recorded on the New Zealand Cancer Registry, n = 68 581. This table excludes leukemia and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, because surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) summary staging data are not available for these sites. Over 50% of cases for lung, bladder, esophagus, liver, pleura, and prostate cancers have been excluded because of missing stage data. |
|
In the "Acknowledgments" section, the following statement has been added: "We would like to thank Diana Sarfati for her contribution to the analyses."
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.053678e
Copyright © 2007 by the American Public Health Association
|
