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American Journal of Public Health, 10.2105/AJPH.2004.045039
Research and Practice |
1 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
2 Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
3 Tata Memorial Centre
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: glorian_sorensen{at}dfci.harvard.edu.
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Abstract |
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Objectives: This paper assesses social disparities in the prevalence of total tobacco use, smoking, and smokeless tobacco use, in Mumbai, India, by examining patterns by occupation, education, and gender. Methods: Results are reported for a cross-sectional survey conducted between 1992 and 1994 as the baseline for the Mumbai Cohort Study (n=81,837). Results: The odds ratios (ORs) for overall tobacco use by education showed a strong gradient; the highest risk was among the illiterate (adjusting for age and occupation, OR=7.38 for men, 20.95 for women) compared to college educated. Significant ORs were also observed for overall tobacco use by occupation, controlling for age and education, for unskilled workers (OR = 1.66 for men), service workers (OR=1.32 for men) and the unemployed (OR= 1.84 for men, 1.95 for women), relative to professionals. Among men, the steepest gradients were observed for bidi smokers by both education and occupation, and among women, for use of smokeless tobacco. Conclusions: This study points to important simultaneous and independent relationships of tobacco use to education and occupation that require attention from policy-makers and researchers alike.
Key Words: Socioeconomic Factors, Smoking Cessation, Tobacco Control, Tobacco, Women's Health
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