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AJPH First Look, published online ahead of print Dec 1, 2005
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©
American Journal of Public Health, 10.2105/AJPH.2004.050831

Public Health Then and Now

The World Health Organization and the Transition From "International" to "Global" Public Health

Theodore M. Brown 1*, Marcos Cueto 2, Elizabeth Fee 3

1 University of Rochester
2 Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
3 National Library of Medicine

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: theodore_brown{at}urmc.rochester.edu.


  Abstract

The term "global health" is rapidly replacing the older terminology of "international health." We describe the role of the World Health Organization (WHO) in both international and global health and in the transition from one to the other. We suggest that the term "global health" emerged as part of larger political and historical processes, in which WHO found its dominant role challenged and began to reposition itself within a shifting set of power alliances. Between 1948 and 1998, WHO moved from being the unquestioned leader of international health to being an organization in crisis, facing budget shortfalls and diminished status, especially given the growing influence of new and powerful players. We argue that WHO began to refashion itself as the coordinator, strategic planner, and leader of global health initiatives as a strategy of survival in response to this transformed international political context. (Am J Public Health. 2006;96: 62-72)

Key Words: Global Health, Health Policy, Health Promotion, History, Immunization/Vaccines, Public Health Practice




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