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AJPH First Look, published online ahead of print Nov 29, 2005
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American Journal of Public Health, 10.2105/AJPH.2004.051417

Public Health Matters

Cardiovascular Disease and Associated Risk Factors in Cuba: Prospects for Prevention and Control

Richard S Cooper 1*, Pedro Orduñez 2, Marcos D. Iraola Ferrer 2, Jose Luis Bernal Munoz 2, Alfredo Espinosa-Brito 2

1 Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine
2 Faculty of Medical Sciences, Hospital Universitario "Dr. Gustavo Aldereguia Lima"

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rcooper{at}lumc.edu.


  Abstract

Objectives. An adequate description of the trends in cardiovascular disease (CVD) is not available for most of the developing world. Cuba provides an important exception, and we sought to use available data to offer insights into the changing patterns of CVD there.

Methods. We reviewed Cuban public health statistics, surveys, and reports of health services.

Results. CVD has been the leading cause of death since 1970. A 45% reduction in heart disease deaths was observed from 1970 to 2002; the decline in stroke was more limited. There are moderate prevalences of all major risk factors.

Conclusions. The Cuban medical care system has responded vigorously to the challenge of CVD; levels of control of hypertension are the highest in the world. Nonindustrialized countries can decisively control CVD. (Am J Public Health. 2005;95:XXX-XXX. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.051417)

Key Words: Cardiovascular Disease, Epidemiology, Government, Nutrition/Food, Socioeconomic Factors, Mortality




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