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AJPH First Look, published online ahead of print Feb 28, 2007
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Yvette C. Cozier
Julie R. Palmer
Nicholas J. Horton
Lisa Fredman
Lauren A. Wise
Lynn Rosenberg
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American Journal of Public Health, 10.2105/AJPH.2005.074740

Research and Practice

Relation Between Neighborhood Median Housing Value and Hypertension Risk Among Black Women in the United States

Yvette C. Cozier 1*, Julie R. Palmer 1, Nicholas J. Horton 2, Lisa Fredman 3, Lauren A. Wise 1, Lynn Rosenberg 1

1 Boston University Slone Epidemiology Center
2 Smith College Department of Mathematics and Statistics
3 Boston University School of Public Health

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ycozier{at}slone.bu.edu.


  Abstract

Objectives. We examined the relation between median housing value and hypertension risk among US Black women. Methods. Data were gathered from the Black Women’s Health Study, a prospective follow-up of 59000 Black women aged 21 to 69 years in 1995. Median housing value from US census data was used to measure neighborhood socioeconomic status. Cases of hypertension were identified through postal questionnaires in 1997, 1999, and 2001. Clustered survival regression models were used to estimate incidence rate ratios. Results. During 180294 person-years of observation, 3780 cases of hypertension were reported. A significant inverse, graded association was found between median housing value and hypertension. The incidence rate ratio for women living in low median housing value neighborhoods relative to high was 1.29 (95% confidence interval=1.14, 1.45) after adjustment for individual risk factors. The association was evident even at higher individual levels of income and education. Conclusions. Median housing value is inversely associated with hypertension in Black women, independent of individual risk factors. Lowering hypertension risk in Black women will require a greater understanding of the underlying social inequalities that adversely affect health.

Key Words: Cardiovascular Disease, Epidemiology, African Americans/Blacks, Socioeconomic Factors, Women's Health




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