OBJECTIVES. This study was undertaken to determine an accurate vaccination rate and identify factors influencing nonvaccination in a meningococcal vaccination campaign on a Connecticut university campus in May 1993. METHODS. Vaccination and student data were merged to determine demographic factors associated with nonvaccination. A case-control study examined reasons for nonvaccination. RESULTS. The estimated vaccination rate for students returning to the campus was 93%. Lower rates occurred among older students, students living off campus, graduate and nondegree students, and married students. Perceived poor access to the vaccination center was the strongest predictor of nonvaccination. CONCLUSIONS. Higher vaccination rates may be achieved by specifically targeting students who live off campus and by providing multiple vaccination sites with extended hours.